American Research and Development Corporation
| History of private equity and venture capital |
|---|
.jpg) |
| Early history |
| (origins of modern private equity) |
| The 1980s |
| (leveraged buyout boom) |
| The 1990s |
| (leveraged buyout and the venture capital bubble) |
| The 2000s |
| (dot-com bubble to the ) |
| The 2010s |
| (expansion) |
| The 2020s |
| (COVID-19 recession) |
American Research and Development Corporation (ARDC) was a venture capital and private equity firm founded in 1946 by Georges Doriot, Ralph Flanders,[1] Merrill Griswold, and Karl Compton.[2]
ARDC is credited with the first major venture capital success story[2] when its 1957 investment of $70,000 in equity ("70% of the company")[3] and approximately $2 million in loans in Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) became valued at many times the amount invested after the company's success after its initial public offering in 1966.
ARDC continued investing until 1971 with the retirement of Doriot. In 1972, Doriot merged ARDC with Textron after having invested in over 150 companies.[4]
Legacy
The firm was founded to encourage private sector investments in businesses run by soldiers who were returning from World War II. ARDC's significance was primarily that it was the first institutional private equity investment firm that accepted money from sources other than wealthy families as had J.H. Whitney & Company and Rockefeller Brothers although it had several investment successes as well.[5]
Former employees of ARDC have gone on to found several prominent venture capital firms including Greylock Partners (founded in 1965 by Charlie Waite and Bill Elfers) and Morgan, Holland Ventures, the predecessor of Flagship Ventures (founded in 1982 by James Morgan).[6]
See also
References
- ^ Flanders, Ralph E. (1961), Senator from Vermont, Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 188–189
- ^ a b Hsu, David; Kenny, Martin (2005). "Organizing Venture Capital: The Rise and Demise of American Research & Development Corporation, 1946-1973". Industrial and Corporate Change. 14 (4): 579–616. doi:10.1093/icc/dth064. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION - Nineteen Fifty-Seven To The Present (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. 1975.
- ^ "Creative Capital". www.businessforum.com. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
- ^ The New Kings of Capitalism, Survey on the Private Equity industry
- ^ Kirsner, Scott. "Venture capital's grandfather." The Boston Globe, April 6, 2008.
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