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Décapole

Arms of Colmar: Over a field divided vertically, red and green, a gold mace oriented diagonally with its head to the top-right Arms of Hagenau: On a blue field, a white cinquefoil (flower with five spearhead-shaped petals) with a red centre Arms of Keysersberg: On a white field, a black purse with a gold buckle Arms of Mulhouse: On a white field, a red stylised mill wheel Arms of Munster: On a white field, a red church consisting of a gateway between two towers all three with a cross on top, the door white and the windows black
Colmar Haguenau Kaysersberg Mulhouse Munster
Arms of Obernai: Over a field divided vertically, red and black, a golden eagle with its wings displayed Arms of Rosheim: On a white field, a red rose with yellow centre and green barbs Arms of Sélestat: On a white field, a red crowned lion rampant Arms of Turckheim: On a white field, a red door with black hinges, latch and ring Arms of Wissembourg: On a red field, a white castle with two towers and an open gate, windows black
Obernai Rosheim Sélestat Turckheim Wissembourg

The Décapole (French pronunciation: [dekapɔl] ⓘ; German: Zehnstädtebund [ˈtseːnʃtɛːtəˌbʊnt], Dekapolis or Dekapole) was an alliance formed in 1354 by ten Imperial cities of the Holy Roman Empire in the Alsace region to maintain their rights. It was disbanded in 1679.

In 1354 Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg ratified the treaty uniting the towns of Haguenau, Colmar, Wissembourg, Turckheim, Obernai, Kaysersberg, Rosheim, Munster, Sélestat and Mulhouse.[1] Hagenau became its capital while the Imperial city of Strasbourg, though venue of the league's diets, remained outside the alliance. The town of Seltz joined the league when it received immediate status in 1357, but had to leave it after its mediatization to the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1414.

The affiliation at first discontinued after Charles' death in 1378, it was, however, re-established in the next year. The ten cities joined the Upper Rhenish Circle in 1500. In 1515, Mulhouse pulled out of the alliance in order to associate with the Old Swiss Confederacy. It was replaced in 1521 by the city of Landau in northern Alsace.[1]

The alliance was strongly shaken by the Thirty Years' War which ravaged the region, allowing Louis XIV of France to conquer the cities according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia. The signing of the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1679 finally brought an end to the Décapole, when Alsace was annexed by France. Mulhouse remained an independent city and exclave of the Swiss Confederation until in 1798 it was annexed to the French First Republic. Landau together with the Palatinate was given to Bavaria after the 1815 Congress of Vienna.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b G. Köbler, Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder, 7th edition, C. H. Beck, Munich, 2007.
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