Entomophthoromycota
| Entomophthoromycota | |
|---|---|
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| Conidiobolus firmipilleus on surface of agar petri dish | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Subkingdom: | Zoopagomyceta |
| Division: | Entomophthoromycota Humber (2013) |
| Classes | |
Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom fungi. In 2007, it was placed at the taxonomic rank of subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom.[1] In 2012, it was raised to the rank of phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012.[2] Divided into three classes and six families (Ancylistaceae, Basidiobolaceae, Completoriaceae, Entomophthoraceae, Meristacraceae, and Neozygitaceae), it contains over 250 species that are mostly arthropod pathogens or soil- and litter-borne saprobes.[3]
Taxonomy
Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly classified in the division Zygomycota. Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined family structure:[2]
Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 [Entomophthoromycotina Humber 2007]
- Class Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012 [Bolomycetes Cavalier-Smith 1998; Bolomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 2012; Basidiobolomycota Doweld 2001]
- Order Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm.
- Family Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924
- Schizangiella Dwyer et al. 2006
- Basidiobolus Eidam 1886 [Amphoromorpha Thaxter 1914]
- Family Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924
- Order Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm.
- Class Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012
- Order Neozygitales Humber 2012
- Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987
- Apterivorax Keller 2005
- Neozygites Witlaczil 1885 [Thaxterosporium Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987]
- Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987
- Order Neozygitales Humber 2012
- Class Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012 [Entomomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 1998 em. 2012]
- Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter]
- Family Ancylistaceae Schröter 1893
- Ancyclistes Pfitzer 1872
- Conidiobolus Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989 [Conidiobolus (Capillidium) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; Conidiobolus (Conidiobolus) (Brefeld) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; Conidiobolus (Delacroixia) (Sacc. & Syd.) Tyrrell & MacLeod 1972]
- Macrobiotophthora Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981
- Family Completoriaceae Humber 1989
- Completoria Lohde 1874
- Family Entomophthoraceae Nowakowski 1877 [Empusaceaae]
- Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005 [Massosporoideae Keller 2005]
- Erynia (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989 [Zoophthora (Erynia) Nowakowski ex Batko 1966]
- Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)
- Furia (Batko 1966) Humber 2005 [Zoophthora (Furia) Batko 1966; Erynia (Furia) (Batko 1966) Li & Humber 1984]
- Orthomyces Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988
- Pandora Humber 2005 [Erynia (Neopandora) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982]
- Strongwellsea Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976
- Zoophthora Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005
- Subfamily Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005
- Batkoa Humber 2005
- Entomophaga Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989
- Entomophthora Fresenius 1856 [Empusa (Triplosporium) Thaxter 1888; Triplosporium (Thaxter 1888) Batko 1964]
- Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)
- Massospora Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974
- Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005 [Massosporoideae Keller 2005]
- Family Meristacraceae Humber 1989
- Meristacrum Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 (syn Tabanomyces Couch et al.)
- Family Ancylistaceae Schröter 1893
- Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter]
Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include Ballocephala, Tarichium, and Zygnemomyces.[3]
Synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".[4] Ballocephala and Zygnemomyces were transferred to Mucoromycota division.
Description
Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their vegetative cells are coenocytic; sporulation occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective conidia; and their zygospores (which also function as resting spores) are homothallic.[3]
References
- ^ Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (Pt 5): 509–47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.626.9582. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.
- ^ a b Humber RA. (2012). "Entomophthoromycota: A new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi". Mycotaxon. 120: 477–492. doi:10.5248/120.477.
- ^ a b c Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME, Hodge K, Huang B, Voigt K, Vilgalys R (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota". Persoonia. 30: 94–105. doi:10.3767/003158513X666330. PMC 3734969. PMID 24027349.
- ^ "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
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