Corn Belt

Corn Belt
Agricultural or cultural region of the United States
2018 production of corn in the United States
Country	United States
States	Illinois  Indiana  Iowa  Kansas  Kentucky  Michigan  Minnesota  Missouri  Nebraska  North Dakota  Ohio  South Dakota  Wisconsin

The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States and part of the Southern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. In North America, corn is the common word for maize. More generally, the concept of the Corn Belt connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture, though it stretches down into the South as well reaching into Kentucky.^[1][2]

There is lack of consensus regarding the constituents of the Corn Belt, although it often includes Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri.^[3] It also sometimes includes South Dakota, North Dakota, all of Ohio, Wisconsin, all of Michigan, and Kentucky.^[4] Some people and industries break the Corn Belt down even further and refer to it as the Eastern Corn Belt and the Western Corn Belt.^[5]

The region is characterized by level land, deep fertile soils, and a high organic soil concentration.^[6]

As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota, accounting for more than half of the corn growth in the U.S.^[7]

More recently, the Corn Belt was mapped at the county level using the Land use and Agricultural Management Practices web-Service (LAMPS),^[8] along with animated maps of changes in time (2010–2016).^[9]

On account of new agricultural technology developments between 1860 and 1970, the Corn Belt went from producing mixed crops and livestock into becoming an area focused strictly on wheat-cash planting. After 1970, increased crop and meat production required an export outlet, but global recession and a strong dollar reduced exports and created serious problems even for the best farm managers.^[3]

In 1956, former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, a pioneer of hybrid seed, declared that the Corn Belt had developed the "most productive agricultural civilization the world has ever seen".^[10]

Most corn grown today is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades, soybeans have grown in importance.

By 1950, 99% of corn has been grown from hybrids.

In 1997, the USEPA published its report on the United States' ecoregions, in part based on "land use". Its "Level III" region classification contains three contiguous "Corn Belt" regions, Western (47), Central (54), and Eastern (55), stretching from Indiana to eastern Nebraska.^[11][12]

Corn fields near Royal, Illinois

• Breadbasket
• Canadian Prairies, Canada's 'Breadbasket'
• Central Black Earth Region, segment of the Eurasian chernozem belt that lies within Central Russia
• Grain elevator
• Palliser's Triangle, Canada's semi-arid grain production region
• Peak wheat

• Anderson, J. L. Industrializing the Corn Belt: Agriculture, Technology, and Environment, 1945–1972 (2009) 238 pp. ISBN 978-0-87580-392-0
• Bogue, Allan. From Prairie to Corn Belt: Farming on the Illinois and Iowa Prairies in the Nineteenth Century (1963) excerpt and text search
• Cayton, Andrew, et al. eds. The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia (2006) excerpt and text search
• Hart, John Fraser. "Change in the Corn Belt", Geographical Review, Jan 1986, Vol. 76#1 pp. 51–72
• Hudson, John C. Making the Corn Belt: A Geographical History of Middle-Western Agriculture (1994)
• Power, Richard Lyle. Planting Corn Belt Culture: The Impress of the Upland Southerner and Yankee in the old Northwest (1953)
• Snapp, Roscoe R. Beef Cattle Their Feeding and Management in the Corn Belt States (1950)
• Smith, C. Wayne, et al. Corn: Origin, History, Technology, and Production (2004) online edition
• Wallace, Henry Agard. Henry A. Wallace's Irrigation Frontier: On the Trail of the Corn Belt Farmer 1909 15 articles written by Wallace in 1909; 1991 edition edited by Richard Lowitt, and Judith Fabry

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