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Keyauwee Indians

Keyauwee Indians
North Carolina Indians Geography
Total population
500
Regions with significant populations
United States (North Carolina, South Carolina)
Languages
English, Siouan
Related ethnic groups
Catawba, Cheraw, Occaneechi, Tutelo, Saponi, Lumbee

The Keyauwee Indians were a small North Carolina tribe, native to the area of present day Randolph County, North Carolina. The Keyauwee village was surrounded by palisades and cornfields about thirty miles northeast of the Yadkin River, near present day High Point, North Carolina.[1] The Keyauwee village was vulnerable to attack, so the Keyauwee constantly joined with other tribes for better protection.[2] They joined with the Tutelo, Saponi, Occaneechi, and the Shakori tribes, moving to the Albemarle Sound with the last two for a settlement that would later be foiled. The Keyauwee would move further southward along with the Cheraw and Peedee tribes, close along the border of the two Carolinas, where they conducted deerskin trade with Charleston traders and allied with the Indian neighbors in the Yamassee War. Eventually, their tribe name vanished from historical records, and with time, they were absorbed by the Catawba tribe.[3]

History

European Discovery

In 1701, English explorer John Lawson, on an expedition over 1,000 miles, discovered the Keyauwee tribe, a small group which numbered about 500 people. Lawson discovered the tribe on Caraway Creek in the Caraway mountain range, about fourteen miles south of High Point, North Carolina.[4] Lawson’s vivid account of his visit describes the village surrounded by high wooden walls, large cornfields, a large cave where about 100 people could have been able to dine in, all situated by very high mountains.[5] These geographical features of their village are what made the Keyauwee vulnerable to attack.[6]

Language and Ties to Other Tribes

The language and name of the Keyauwee Indian Tribe was derived from that of the Siouan family with whom they merged.[7] Tribal merging in North Carolina was inhibited by relationships built on exchange and alliance, and circular rounds of war, peace, and trade. The Keyauwees were motivated to merge with the surrounding North Carolina tribes due to threats of warfare with other tribal nations. Although the merge with the Tutelos and Sapponys was successful, continuous attacks were still experienced by the Keyauwees and their newly combined tribe.[8] Later, the Keyauwees moved towards the Albemarle Sound region, situated on the northeastern coast of North Carolina, to form settlements with the Occaneechi and Shakori tribes. Ultimately, the Keyauwee moved southward from here, moving to the Pee Dee region of South Carolina to merge with the Cheraw tribe, and potentially the Eno and Shakori tribes. It is here where the Keyauwee engaged in deerskin trade along with Charleston traders. According to the Jefferys Atlas of 1761, the Keyauwee settlements appear to be on the North Carolina/South Carolina border, along the Pee Dee River. After fighting along with their Indian allies in the Yamassee War against South Carolina colonists, it is believed that the Keyauwee merged with the Catawba tribe.[9] The Keyauwee tribe merged with local tribes throughout their time due to factors like geographic proximity and Siouan language.[10]

References

  1. ^ "Keyauwee Indians | NCpedia". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  2. ^ "John Lawson, 1674-1711. A New Voyage to Carolina; Containing the Exact Description and Natural History of That Country: Together with the Present State Thereof. And a Journal of a Thousand Miles, Travel'd Thro' Several Nations of Indians. Giving a Particular Account of Their Customs, Manners, &c.: Electronic Edition". docsouth.unc.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  3. ^ Norman Heard, Joseph (1987). Handbook of the American Frontier: the Southeastern Woodlands. SCARECROW Press INC. pp. 206.
  4. ^ Rights, Douglas (1947). The American Indian in North Carolina. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 82–85.
  5. ^ Lawson, John (1860). The history of Carolina, containing the exact description and natural history of that country, etc. Raleigh. pp. 83, 87–92, 384.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Arnett, Ethel Stephens (1975). The Saura and Keyauwee in the Land That Became Guilford, Randolph, and Rockingham. Media. pp. 14–18.
  7. ^ "Keyauwee Language and the Keyauwee Indian Tribe". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  8. ^ Gamble, Stephanie (2013-08-23). "A Community of Convenience: The Saponi Nation, Governor Spotswood, and the Experiment at Fort Christanna, 1670-1740". Native South. 6 (1): 70–109. doi:10.1353/nso.2013.0003. ISSN 2152-4025.
  9. ^ Merrell, James Hart (1989). The Indians' New World: Catawbas and their neighbors from European contact through the era of removal. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 104–110.
  10. ^ Rights, Douglas L. (1947). The American Indian In North Carolina. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 116–117.
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