List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations

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An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more. Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.^{[citation needed]}

• Asthma
• Atopic dermatitis
• Atopic eczema
• Hay fever
• Urticaria
• Vernal conjunctivitis

• Acne rosacea
• Albinism
• Atopic dermatitis
• Behçet's disease
• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Erythema multiforme
• Goltz–Gorlin syndrome
• Ichthyosis
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Nevus of Ota
• Pemphigus
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Psoriasis
• Stevens–Johnson syndrome (Erythema multiforme major)
• Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
• Xeroderma pigmentosum

• Angiomatosis retinae (Von Hippel–Lindau disease) (retinocerebellar capillary hemangiomatosis)
• Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis–Bar syndrome)
• Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge–Weber syndrome) (encephalofacial cavernous hemangiomatosis)
• Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
• Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's syndrome)
• Wyburn–Mason syndrome (racemose hemangiomatosis)

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Periarteritis nodosa
• Reactive arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
• Sarcoidosis
• Scleroderma
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Temporal arteritis
• Relapsing polychondritis
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis, restrictive ophthalmopathy, chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis may also cause inflammation of the optic nerve, ophthalmoplegia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, episcleritis, dacrocystitis, nasolacrimnal duct obstruction, dacroadenitis, uveitis, and retinal vasculitis.

• Varicella (chickenpox)
• Rubeola (measles)
• Rubella (German measles)
• Variola (smallpox)
• Vaccinia
• Herpes simplex
• Herpes zoster
• Mumps
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Influenza
• Cytomegalic inclusion disease
• Pharyngoconjunctival fever (adenovirus 3)
• Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (adenovirus 8)
• Human immunodeficiency virus (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
• Ebola^[1]
• Rift Valley Fever^[2]
• Dengue^[3]
• Hantavirus^[4]

• Gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonatorum)
• Brucellosis
• Diphtheria
• Lyme disease
• Sepsis (bacterial metastatic endophthalmitis)
• Tularemia
• Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
• Tuberculosis
• Syphilis

• Lymphogranuloma venereum (chlamydial)
• Inclusion conjunctivitis (chlamydial)
• Malaria
• Toxoplasmosis

• Candida albicans
• Histoplasmosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Cryptococcus
• Metastatic fungal endophthalmitis
• Actinomyces
• Streptothrix

• Cysticercosis (tapeworm)
• Echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)
• Toxocariasis (toxocara)
• Trichinosis (trichinella)
• Onchocerciasis
• Loiasis (loa loa)

• Cri-du chat syndrome
• Schmid–Fraccaro syndrome
• Turner's syndrome
• Ring-D chromosome
• Monosomy-G syndrome
• Trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome, D-syndrome)
• Trisomy 18 (Edwards' syndrome, E-syndrome)
• Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
• Deletion of long arm of chromosome 18
• Deletion of chromosome 18
• Ciliopathic genetic syndromes—A number of widely variant genetic disorders with occular phenotypes have been identified with genotypical ciliopathy.

• Anemia

• Cardiovascular diseases

• Arteriosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Pre-eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy)

• Occlusive vascular disease (sudden)

• Emboli and thrombi
• Central retinal artery occlusion
• Cardiac myxoma
• Cranial arteritis
• Sickle cell attack

• Occlusive vascular disease (slow, progressive)

• Carotid artery disease
• Arterial spasm (TIA)
• Diabetes mellitus
• Collagen diseases

• Venous occlusive disease

• Thrombosis
• Use of hormonal contraception

• Endocarditis
• Myxoma
• Aortic arch syndrome (takayasu)
• Pre-eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy)
• Thromboangiitis obliterans
• (Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome)

• Cushing's disease
• Addison's disease
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism

• Alcoholism
• Crohn's disease
• Liver disease
• Malnutrition
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pancreatic disease
• Regional enteritis or ulcerative colitis
• Vitamin A deficiency
• Vitamin B deficiency
• Vitamin C deficiency
• Hypervitaminosis A, B, and D
• Whipple's disease

• Albinism
• Alkaptonuria
• Amyloidosis
• Chediak–Higashi syndrome
• Cystinosis
• Fabry's disease
• Galactosemia
• Gaucher's disease
• Gout
• Hemochromatosis
• Histiocytosis
• Homocystinuria
• Lipidoses
• Marfan's syndrome
• Weill–Marchesani syndrome
• Mucopolysaccharidosis
• Niemann–Pick disease
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Wilson's disease

• Albright's disease (fibrous dysplasia of bone)
• Apert syndrome
• Conradi's syndrome
• Craniofacial syndromes
• Facial deformity syndromes
• Muscular dystrophy disorders
• Myasthenia gravis
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Paget's disease

• Asthma
• Bronchogenic carcinoma
• Bronchiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas
• Emphysema
• Pneumonias
• Tuberculosis

• Alport's syndrome
• Azotemia (acute and chronic pyelonephritis)
• Lowe's syndrome
• Medullary cystic disease
• Nephrotic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney, system lupus erythematosus)
• Renal transplantation
• Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma)

• Carcinoma and sites of primary lesions
• Blood

• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

• Breast
• Colon
• Kidney
• Lung
• Genital organs

• Ovary or cervix
• Testis or prostate

• Skin

• Melanoma

• Gut

• Stomach
• Pancreas

• Thyroid

• List of cutaneous conditions

• Pavan-Langston, Deborah (1990). Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy. Little, Brown and Company.