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Microsoft Edge

Not to be confused with the older EdgeHTML based Microsoft Edge Legacy.

Microsoft Edge
Original author(s)Microsoft
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseJanuary 15, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-01-15)
Stable release(s)
Android126.0.2592.117[1]  / 23 July 2024; 5 months ago (23 July 2024)
iOS, iPadOS126.0.2592.120[2]  / 24 July 2024; 5 months ago (24 July 2024)
Linux130.0.2849.68[3]  / 31 October 2024; 56 days ago (31 October 2024)
macOS130.0.2849.68[3]  / 31 October 2024; 56 days ago (31 October 2024)
Windows130.0.2849.68[3]  / 31 October 2024; 56 days ago (31 October 2024)
Preview release(s) [±]
Beta131.0.2903.9 / October 24, 2024; 2 months ago (2024-10-24)[4]
Dev132.0.2917.0 / October 30, 2024; 57 days ago (2024-10-30)[5]
Canary132.0.2925.0 / October 29, 2024; 58 days ago (2024-10-29)
Written inC++, C#
Engines
Operating system
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, ARM32, ARM64
Included with
PredecessorEdge Legacy
LicenseProprietary software, based on an open source project[7][note 1]
Websitemicrosoft.com/edge

Microsoft Edge (or simply nicknamed Edge) based on the Chromium open-source project also known as The New Microsoft Edge or New Edge is a proprietary cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft, directly succeeding Edge Legacy.

First made available only for Android and iOS in 2017.[8][9] In late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium-based[10][11] browser with Blink and V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported to macOS. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020,[12][13] and on Xbox as well as Linux[14][15] in 2021.[16][17][18] Edge was also available on older Windows versions until early 2023.[19][20]

Features

The new Microsoft Edge is the default web browser, replacing Edge Legacy.

In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft (for compatibility[21][22] with Google Chrome).[23] However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode", which is aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.[24]

New Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen.[25]

As of December 2022, there are more than 9,000 extensions—called add-ons—available for Edge.[26]

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge, revamping the user interface with Fluent Design, along with adding a Bing Chat (later known as Microsoft Copilot) button, which replaces the Discover button.[27]

Microsoft also added compatibility for split screen i.e. 2 tabs can be viewed at the same time. A new feature "Workspaces" was introduced, which basically lets the user create different spaces for various things. These workspaces are also collaborative, users can invite friends or colleagues and seamlessly have completely separate workspace for collaboration.

Release strategy

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds, for those channels, of the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels".[28] As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases.

Surf (video game)

Main article: Surf (video game)
Screenshot of Surf being played on Microsoft Edge for macOS

In May 2020, an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf, a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect powerups. Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game, Surf is accessible from the browser's offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge://surf into the address bar. The game features three game modes (classic, time trial, and slalom), has character customization, and supports keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad controls.[29][30] Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree.[31][32]

In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree. Instead of surfing, the player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti.[33]

Development

In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS.[8][9] The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports did not use the same layout engine as the current desktop version at the time (Edge Legacy) and instead use OS-native Blink and WebKit-based engines.[34][35][6]

Codenamed "Anaheim", on December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code, using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for older Windows versions, including Windows 7 and Windows 8.x, and macOS, plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis.[36][37] According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one.[38]

Microsoft Edge running on macOS

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public.[39] On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform.[40] The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Internet Explorer for Mac, which was withdrawn in January 2006.

On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit, an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility.[41] On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on old Windows versions for testing.[42] On August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows and macOS.[43] At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo.[44]

The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users.[45][46] The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows users via Windows Update.[47] Windows Vista and earlier were not supported at the time Edge started supporting older Windows versions.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020.[14] This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development.[48][49] The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020.[15]

Full support for the new Edge on older Windows versions was scheduled to end on January 15, 2022, but was later extended to January 15, 2023.[50][51]

On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge, coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox. There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer.[52]

New Edge release history

Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release

Privacy

Edge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default, although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer.[106]

Reception

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's engine has faced mixed reception. The move increases the consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers. For this reason, the move has attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine.[107][108]

According to Douglas J. Leith, a computer science professor from Trinity College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers. He explained, "from a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied. Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device. Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft, a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted."[109] In response, a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product.[110]

In June 2020, users criticized newly released Windows updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission. Microsoft responded by stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission, then Edge will delete the imported data. However, if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import, then the already imported data will not be cleared.[111][112] The Verge called these "spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first run experience" a "dark pattern".[113]

Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs accessed via system search functions to Edge, deliberately ignoring the user's choice of default browser. In November 2021, a patch was released to frustrate a workaround employed by the third-party tool "EdgeDeflector", with a Microsoft spokesperson stating that search in the Windows shell is an "end-to-end customer experience" that is not designed to be modified.[114] The developer of EdgeDeflector, Daniel Aleksandersen, called this "clearly a user-hostile move that sees Windows compromise its own product usability in order to make it more difficult to use competing products."[115]

In November 2021, Microsoft announced that it would display integrated advertising for the buy now, pay later service Zip Pay in Edge during online purchases eligible for financing via the service,[116][117] and allow users to link their Microsoft account to expedite registration for the service. Microsoft claims that it "does not collect a fee for connecting users to loan providers."[116] This decision was met with criticism from users and the press, arguing that the feature was added bloat.[116][117]

Controversy

See also: Criticism of Microsoft
Example of a Windows 11 prompt of Microsoft Edge "Recommended settings"

In December 2021, Microsoft began testing the display of in-browser prompts on the Google Chrome website to discourage downloading the browser.[118][119] Similar prompts intended to discourage Google Chrome downloads also appear when searching for "Chrome" or "browser" on Microsoft Bing search engine.[120] In February 2023, users reported seeing large banner advertisements for Microsoft Edge on the Chrome download page, a move that was criticized for deceptively altering part of Google's official website.[121] In October 2023, Microsoft began testing the display of a sidebar containing a survey related to Chrome when the browser is downloaded.[122]

Market share

Further information: Usage share of web browsers
Desktop/laptop browser statistics
Google Chrome
 
 66.33%
Microsoft Edge
 
 12.87%
Safari
 
 9.13%
Mozilla Firefox
 
 6.44%
Opera
 
 2.81%
Other
 
 2.41%
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for November 2024[123]

In February 2023, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the third most popular browser in the world, behind Apple Safari and Chrome,[124] while as of December 2023 Edge is second most popular PC/desktop web browser with Safari sliding to 3rd place.[125] In the United States, Edge is the third most popular, where it has a 14% share, slightly behind Safari's 16% share. As of September 2022, Edge is used by 11% of PCs worldwide.[126]

Notes

  1. ^ Edge's WebKit & Blink layout engines and its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and open-source software, while its other components are each either open-source or proprietary.

References

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Further reading

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